{"id":2091,"date":"2019-07-26T20:15:27","date_gmt":"2019-07-26T12:15:27","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.storagelab.org.cn\/zhangdi\/?p=2091"},"modified":"2019-07-26T20:15:27","modified_gmt":"2019-07-26T12:15:27","slug":"telling-stories-about-dynamic-networks-with-graph-comics%ef%bc%89","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.divis.cn\/index.php\/2019\/07\/26\/telling-stories-about-dynamic-networks-with-graph-comics%ef%bc%89\/","title":{"rendered":"Telling Stories about Dynamic Networks with Graph Comics"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>\u4f7f\u7528\u6f2b\u753b\u65b9\u5f0f\u8fdb\u884c\u52a8\u6001\u7f51\u7edc\u53d9\u4e8b<\/p>\n<h2>\u4e00\uff0c\u6982\u8ff0<\/h2>\n<p>\u5fae\u8f6f\u7814\u7a76\u9662\u3001\u7231\u4e01\u5821\u7eb3\u76ae\u5c14\u5927\u5b66\u3001\u5361\u5c14\u52a0\u91cc\u5927\u5b66\u8054\u5408\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u4e00\u7bc7\u6587\u7ae0\uff0c\u63d0\u51fa\u4f7f\u7528\u6f2b\u753b\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4f20\u9012\u52a8\u6001\u7f51\u7edc\u53d8\u5316\u7279\u5f81\u7684\u5a92\u4ecb\u3002\u5728\u4ee5\u5f80\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u4e2d\uff0c\u5b66\u8005\u4e3b\u8981\u4fa7\u91cd\u4e8e\u5c06\u52a8\u6001\u7f51\u7edc\u53ef\u89c6\u5316\u4ee5\u8fdb\u884c\u6570\u636e\u63a2\u7d22\uff0c\u800c\u672c\u6587\u7684\u4f5c\u8005\u5219\u8bd5\u56fe\u501f\u52a9\u6f2b\u753b\u7684\u89c6\u89c9\u8868\u73b0\u529b\u548c\u4eb2\u548c\u529b\u6765\u5411\u89c2\u4f17\u5448\u73b0\u548c\u89e3\u91ca\u7f51\u7edc\u7684\u65f6\u5e8f\u53d8\u5316\u3002\u4e3a\u4e86\u8bc1\u660e\u6f2b\u753b\u4f5c\u4e3a\u8bb2\u6545\u4e8b\u5a92\u4ecb\u7684\u6f5c\u529b\uff0c\u672c\u6587\u4f5c\u8005\u9996\u5148\u5728\u4e09\u4e2a\u6708\u7684\u7ed3\u6784\u5316\u8bbe\u8ba1\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u8bbe\u8ba1\u4e86\u5404\u79cd\u6f2b\u753b\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u516c\u5171\u6559\u80b2\u548c\u795e\u7ecf\u7f51\u7edc\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8fc7\u7a0b\u5bfc\u81f4\u4e868\u4e2a\u8bbe\u8ba1\u8981\u7d20\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u521b\u5efa\u56fe\u8868\u6f2b\u753b\u3002\u5b9a\u6027\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u8868\u660e\uff0c\u4e00\u822c\u53d7\u4f17\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u56fe\u5f62\u6f2b\u753b\u5feb\u901f\u7406\u89e3\u590d\u6742\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u53d8\u5316\uff0c\u63d0\u4f9b\u6700\u5c11\u7684\u6587\u672c\u6ce8\u91ca\uff0c\u65e0\u9700\u57f9\u8bad\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u867d\u7136\u53ef\u89c6\u5316\u793e\u533a\u5df2\u7ecf\u4ea7\u751f\u4e86\u5927\u91cf\u7528\u4e8e\u6570\u636e\u63a2\u7d22\u7684\u6280\u672f\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u5982\u4f55\u4f20\u8fbe\u4ece\u5148\u524d\u7684\u63a2\u7d22\u4e2d\u83b7\u5f97\u7684\u89c1\u89e3\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u5374\u66f4\u5c11\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\u8282\u70b9\u94fe\u63a5\u56fe\u5bf9\u4e8e\u63a2\u7d22\u7f51\u7edc\u7684\u5bc6\u5ea6\u548c\u52a8\u6001\uff0c\u57fa\u672c\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u89c2\u4f17\u505a\u4efb\u4f55\u57f9\u8bad\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u88ab\u8ba4\u4e3a\u76f8\u5bf9\u4e8e\u77e9\u9635\u8868\u8fbe\u65b9\u5f0f\u66f4\u9002\u5408\u6c9f\u901a\u3002\u6700\u8fd1\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u96c6\u4e2d\u5728\u9759\u6001\u7f51\u7edc\u7684\u6c9f\u901a\u8868\u8fbe\u4e0a\u3002\u4f46\u662f\u5982\u4f55\u5c55\u793a\u52a8\u6001\u7f51\u7edc\u4e2d\u7684\u65f6\u5e8f\u53d8\u5316\uff0c\u4f9d\u7136\u662f\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5f00\u653e\u7684\u6311\u6218\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5728\u8fd9\u7bc7\u6587\u7ae0\u4e2d\u4f7f\u7528\u6f2b\u753b\u65b9\u5f0f\u4f5c\u4e3a\u6c9f\u901a\u7b56\u7565\u3002\u6f2b\u753b\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e00\u79cd\u6d41\u884c\u7684\u5a92\u4ecb\uff0c\u6f2b\u753b\u5c06\u89c6\u89c9\u548c\u6587\u672c\u7ed3\u5408\u6210\u4e00\u79cd\u5bcc\u6709\u8868\u73b0\u529b\u548c\u7075\u6d3b\u6027\u7684\u8bed\u8a00\u6765\u4f20\u8fbe\u4e8b\u4ef6\u5e8f\u5217\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u529f\u80fd\u6709\u671b\u4f20\u8fbe\u590d\u6742\u7ed3\u6784\uff08\u5982\u7f51\u7edc\uff09\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u53d8\u5316\u3002\u6f2b\u753b\u7684\u4f18\u70b9\u5305\u62ec\uff1a\u53ef\u7528\u4e8e\u5370\u5237\u548c\u6570\u5b57\u683c\u5f0f; \u652f\u6301\u6587\u5b57\u548c\u53e3\u5934\u63cf\u8ff0; \u5c06\u53d9\u8ff0\u4e0e\u89c6\u89c9\u7d27\u5bc6\u7ed3\u5408\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5728\u672c\u6587\u4e2d\uff0c\u63d0\u51fa\u4f7f\u7528\u6f2b\u753b\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4f20\u9012\u52a8\u6001\u7f51\u7edc\u53d8\u5316\u7279\u5f81\u7684\u5a92\u4ecb\u3002\u867d\u7136McCloud [35,36]\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u4e00\u79cd\u5728\u827a\u672f\u4e2d\u521b\u4f5c\u6f2b\u753b\u7684\u7efc\u5408\u7406\u8bba\uff0c\u4f46\u672c\u6587\u7814\u7a76\u4e86\u6f2b\u753b\u5728\u6570\u636e\u9a71\u52a8\u7684\u53d9\u4e8b\u6f5c\u529b\u3002\u672c\u6587\u4f5c\u8005\u62a5\u544a\u4e86\u7528\u4e8e\u8bbe\u8ba1\u56fe\u5f62\u6f2b\u753b\u7684\u8fed\u4ee3\u8fc7\u7a0b\uff0c\u5e76\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u516b\u4e2a\u8981\u8003\u8651\u7684\u56e0\u7d20\u6765\u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u81f4\u7684\u6f2b\u753b\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u6765\u81ea\u5b9a\u6027\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u7ecf\u9a8c\u8bc1\u636e\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u670910\u540d\u53c2\u4e0e\u8005\u8bc1\u660e\u4e00\u822c\u53d7\u4f17\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u6ca1\u6709\u57f9\u8bad\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u89e3\u91ca\u56fe\u5f62\u6f2b\u753b\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u53ea\u9700\u8981\u6700\u5c11\u7684\u6587\u672c\u6ce8\u91ca\u3002\u672c\u6587\u4f5c\u8005\u521b\u5efa\u7684\u6f2b\u753b\u6848\u4f8b\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u4e0b\u9762\u8fd9\u4e2a\u7f51\u7ad9\u770b\u5230\uff1ahttp:\/\/graphcomics.azurewebsites.net. \uff08\u6211\u8bd5\u4e86\uff0c\u5df2\u7ecf\u8fc7\u671f\u4e0d\u80fd\u8bbf\u95ee\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u5927\u5bb6\u8fd8\u662f\u8bbf\u95ee\u4e0b\u9762\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5427<a href=\"https:\/\/www.microsoft.com\/en-us\/research\/publication\/telling-stories-dynamic-networks-graph-comic\/\">https:\/\/www.microsoft.com\/en-us\/research\/publication\/telling-stories-dynamic-networks-graph-comic\/<\/a>\uff09<\/p>\n<h2>\u4e8c\uff0c\u76f8\u5173\u5de5\u4f5c<\/h2>\n<p><strong>1.\u52a8\u6001\u7f51\u7edc\u53ef\u89c6\u5316\u63a2\u7d22\u6280\u672f\uff08Visually Exploring Dynamic Networks\uff09<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u5bf9\u4e8e\u52a8\u6001\u7f51\u7edc\uff0c\u8fc7\u53bb\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u4fa7\u91cd\u4e8e\u5982\u4f55\u521b\u5efa\u4ea4\u4e92\u5f0f\u53ef\u89c6\u5316\u3002\u4ee5\u4e0b\u4e09\u7bc7\u7efc\u8ff0[8,29,4]\u56de\u987e\u4e86\u4e00\u767e\u591a\u79cd\u6280\u672f\uff0c\u5927\u81f4\u5c06\u5b83\u4eec\u5206\u7c7b\u4e3a\u57fa\u4e8e\u52a8\u753b\u7684\u53ef\u89c6\u5316[26,6]\uff0c\u5c0f\u65f6\u95f4[45]\uff0c\u65f6\u95f4\u6620\u5c04\u5230\u7a7a\u95f4\uff0c\u6df7\u5408\u6280\u672f[39,5]\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u672c\u6587\u7684\u91cd\u70b9\u662f\u6c9f\u901a\u4ece\u7f51\u7edc\u52a8\u6001\u4e2d\u83b7\u5f97\u7684\u89c1\u89e3\u3002\u5373\u5c06\u9876\u70b9\u548c\u8fb9\u7f18\u627f\u8f7d\u7684\u7ed3\u6784\u548c\/\u6216\u6570\u636e\u5c5e\u6027\u968f\u65f6\u95f4\u53d8\u5316\uff0c\u6709\u6548\u5730\u4f20\u8fbe\u7ed9\u89c2\u4f17\u3002\u867d\u7136\u73b0\u6709\u7684\u7cfb\u7edf\u90fd\u6ca1\u6709\u660e\u786e\u5730\u8bbe\u8ba1\u7528\u4e8e\u6c9f\u901a\uff0c\u4f46\u5176\u4e2d\u4e00\u4e9b\u7cfb\u7edf\u5305\u542b\u6539\u8fdb\u7f51\u7edc\u65f6\u95f4\u53d8\u5316\u6c9f\u901a\u7684\u7b56\u7565\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0cGraphDiaries [6]\u4f7f\u7528\u52a8\u753b\u5206\u9636\u6bb5\u8f6c\u6362\u6765\u5f3a\u8c03\u5728\u7f51\u7edc\u4e2d\u6dfb\u52a0\u6216\u5220\u9664\u7684\u8282\u70b9\u96c6\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u4fdd\u7559\u6574\u4f53\u4e0a\u4e0b\u6587\u3002DiffAni [39]\u4f7f\u7528\u5c0f\u500d\u6570\uff0c\u52a8\u753b\u548c\u5dee\u5f02\u56fe\u7684\u7ec4\u5408\u6765\u5f3a\u8c03\u4e0d\u540c\u7ec6\u8282\u5c42\u6b21\u7684\u7279\u5b9a\u53d8\u5316\u6216\u4f20\u8fbe\u7f51\u7edc\u7684\u6574\u4f53\u72b6\u6001\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4f46\u5173\u4e8e\u5982\u4f55\u4f20\u8fbe\u6709\u5173\u52a8\u6001\u7f51\u7edc\u7684\u89c1\u89e3\u7684\u60f3\u6cd5\u4ecd\u7136\u7f3a\u5931\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u5982\u4f55\u80fd\u591f\u4f20\u8fbe\u5728\u5f88\u957f\u4e00\u6bb5\u65f6\u95f4\u5185\u95f4\u6b47\u6027\u53d1\u751f\u7684\u53d8\u5316\uff0c\u6216\u4e0e\u8bf7\u4ed6\u5f88\u591a\u4e8b\u4ef6\u4e00\u8d77\u5e76\u884c\u53d1\u751f\u7684\u53d8\u5316\uff1f\u6211\u4eec\u76f4\u63a5\u7814\u7a76\u5982\u4f55\u4f7f\u7528\u6f2b\u753b\u4e2d\u7684\u6280\u672f\u6765\u4f20\u8fbe\u6709\u5173\u52a8\u6001\u7f51\u7edc\u7684\u89c1\u89e3\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>2.\u53ef\u89c6\u5316\u53d9\u4e8b\uff08Storytelling with Visualizations\uff09<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u901a\u8fc7\u6570\u636e\u53ef\u89c6\u5316\u6216\u6570\u636e\u9a71\u52a8\u7684\u53d9\u4e8b\u6765\u4f20\u8fbe\u6d1e\u5bdf\u529b\u662f\u7814\u7a76\u754c\u8d8a\u6765\u8d8a\u611f\u5174\u8da3\u7684\u8bdd\u9898[16,41,22,34,24,31,10]\u3002\u6570\u636e\u9a71\u52a8\u7684\u8bb2\u6545\u4e8b\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50\u73b0\u5728\u5e38\u7528\u4e8e\u65b0\u95fb\u4e1a\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u7ebd\u7ea6\u65f6\u62a5\uff0cLe Monde\uff09\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u4e5f\u6210\u529f\u5730\u7528\u4e8e\u79d1\u5b66\u4f20\u64ad[34]\u3002Segel\u548cHeer [41]\u9996\u5148\u63cf\u7ed8\u4e86\u53d9\u4e8b\u6280\u5de7\uff0c\u786e\u5b9a\u4e86\u4e03\u79cd\u7c7b\u578b\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4ece\u90a3\u4ee5\u540e\uff0c\u51fa\u73b0\u4e86\u51e0\u79cd\u521b\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0cSketchStory [32]\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u4e00\u79cd\u5b9e\u65f6\u6f14\u793a\u6280\u672f\uff0c\u800cEllipsis [40]\uff0cContextifier [23]\u548csense.us [20]\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u521b\u4f5c\u73af\u5883\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u6ce8\u91ca\u548c\u673a\u5236\u6765\u589e\u5f3a\u73b0\u6709\u7684\u53ef\u89c6\u5316\u4ee5\u5f15\u53d1\u6545\u4e8b\u7ebf\u3002\u867d\u7136\u6700\u8fd1\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u5df2\u7ecf\u7814\u7a76\u4e86\u51e0\u79cd\u8bb2\u6545\u4e8b\u7684\u5a92\u4ecb\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u4fe1\u606f\u56fe[7,9]\u6216\u6570\u636e\u89c6\u9891[2]\uff0c\u4f46\u8bb8\u591a\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7c7b\u578b\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u6f2b\u753b\uff0c\u8fd8\u6ca1\u6709\u88ab\u7814\u7a76\u8fc7\u5b83\u4eec\u4f20\u8fbe\u52a8\u6001\u7f51\u7edc\u6d1e\u5bdf\u529b\u7684\u4ea4\u6d41\u6f5c\u529b\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u6700\u5bc6\u5207\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u662fSpritzer\u7b49\u4eba\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u76ee\u7684\u662f\u652f\u6301\u4ea4\u6d41\u8282\u70b9\u94fe\u63a5\u56fe\u7684\u521b\u4f5c[43]\uff0c\u4f46\u5374\u6ca1\u6709\u89e3\u51b3\u7f51\u7edc\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u65b9\u9762\u95ee\u9898\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>3.\u4f7f\u7528\u8fde\u73af\u753b\u53d9\u4e8b\uff08Storytelling with Sequential Art\uff09<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u4f7f\u7528\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u8fde\u7eed\u7684\u5c0f\u56fe\u50cf\uff08\u8fde\u73af\u753b\uff09\u6765\u8bb2\u8ff0\u6545\u4e8b\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u65b9\u5f0f\u53ef\u8ffd\u6eaf\u5230\u4e00\u4e07\u4e03\u5343\u5e74\u524d\uff0c\u62c9\u65af\u79d1\u6d1e\u7a74\u58c1\u753b\u65f6\u4ee3\u3002\u6309\u7ebf\u6027\u987a\u5e8f\u9605\u8bfb\uff0c\u56fe\u50cf\u5e8f\u5217\u610f\u5473\u7740\u4e24\u4e2a\u65b9\u9762\uff1a\u63cf\u7ed8\u65f6\u95f4\u7684\u8fdb\u5c55\uff08\u53d8\u5316\uff09\u548c\u53d9\u4e8b\u65f6\u95f4\uff08\u6545\u4e8b\uff09\u7684\u8fdb\u5c55\u3002\u6f2b\u753b\u4e5f\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u7ecf\u8fc7\u6df1\u601d\u719f\u8651\u7684\u4ea4\u6d41\u5a92\u4ecb\uff0c\u7531Scott McCloud [35,36]\u548cNeil Cohn [14]\u7b49\u4eba\u8be6\u7ec6\u63cf\u8ff0\u3002\u8fd9\u4f7f\u6211\u4eec\u80fd\u591f\u5728\u73b0\u6709\u7684\u8bed\u6cd5\u548c\u7406\u8bba\u7684\u57fa\u7840\u4e0a\u8fdb\u884c\u6784\u5efa\u3002\u6f2b\u753b\u6700\u8fd1\u542f\u53d1\u4e86\u4fe1\u606f\u6f2b\u753b[12,27]\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u6559\u80b2\u548c\u5b66\u672f\u754c[25]\uff0c\u5065\u5eb7\u6559\u80b2[37]\u548c\u79d1\u5b66\u4f20\u64ad[44]\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4f46\u662f\u652f\u6301\u521b\u5efa\u4fe1\u606f\u6f2b\u753b\u7684\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e0d\u662f\u5f88\u591a\u3002\u8d75\u7b49\u4eba\u63a2\u7d22\u4e86\u4f7f\u7528\u6587\u672c\u548c\u5e03\u5c40\u9762\u677f\u624b\u52a8\u589e\u52a0\u56fe\u8868\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5[49]\uff0c\u800c\u5176\u4ed6\u4eba\u5219\u63a2\u8ba8\u4e86\u4ece\u65f6\u95f4\u56fe\u50cf\u5e8f\u5217\uff08\u5305\u62ec\u89c6\u9891\u548c\u76f8\u518c\uff09\u4e2d\u81ea\u52a8\u751f\u6210\u6f2b\u753b\u4ee5\u7528\u4e8e\u8bb2\u6545\u4e8b[13]\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u5728\u4f20\u7edf\u6f2b\u753b\u4e2d\u8f85\u52a9\u521b\u5efa\u7eb9\u7406 [28]\u3002\u8003\u8651\u5230\u52a8\u6001\u7f51\u7edc\u7684\u6545\u4e8b\u53d9\u8ff0\uff0c\u6f2b\u753b\u7684\u4f18\u52bf\u5728\u4e8e\u5141\u8bb8\u8bfb\u8005\u63a7\u5236\u4fe1\u606f\u4f20\u8fbe\u7684\u901f\u5ea6[13]\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u4f9d\u8d56\u4e8e\u8bfb\u8005\u5bf9\u52a8\u753b\u6216\u89c6\u9891\u6240\u9700\u7684\u5148\u524d\u4e8b\u4ef6[16]\u7684\u8bb0\u5fc6\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u4e0e\u5355\u72ec\u7684\u4e66\u9762\u6587\u672c[18]\u76f8\u6bd4\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u80fd\u591f\u5728\u72ed\u5c0f\u7684\u7a7a\u95f4\u5185\u9ad8\u6548\uff0c\u6709\u6548\u5730\u4f20\u9012\u590d\u6742\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>4.\u56fe\u8868\u6f2b\u753b\u793a\u4f8b\uff08GRAPH COMIC EXAMPLE\uff09<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-large\" src=\"http:\/\/zhangdi.dengxinbo.cn\/graphic_comic.png\" width=\"1042\" height=\"673\" \/><\/p>\n<p>\u56fe3\uff08\u4e0a\u56fe\uff09\u7ed9\u51fa\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u56fe\u5f62\u6f2b\u753b\u793a\u4f8b\uff0c\u63cf\u8ff0\u4e86\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b21\u4e16\u754c\u5927\u6218\u524d\u671f\u6b27\u6d32\u5916\u4ea4\u5c40\u52bf\u7684\u6f14\u53d8\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4f8b\u5b50\u6765\u81ea\u4e0e\u4e00\u4f4d\u9ad8\u4e2d\u8001\u5e08\u7684\u8ba8\u8bba\uff0c\u4ed6\u8bc4\u8bba\u8bf4\uff0c\u5728\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b21\u4e16\u754c\u5927\u6218\u4e4b\u524d\u7684\u6b27\u6d32\u8054\u76df\u7684\u53d8\u5316\u4e00\u76f4\u5f88\u96be\u4e0e\u5b66\u751f\u6c9f\u901a\u3002\u968f\u7740\u65f6\u95f4\u6f14\u53d8\uff0c\u5386\u53f2\u4e8b\u4ef6\u5bfc\u81f4\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u9519\u7efc\u590d\u6742\u7684\u8054\u76df\u548c\u51b2\u7a81\u3002\u672c\u6587\u4f5c\u8005\u7684\u793a\u4f8b\uff08\u56fe3\uff09\u5c06\u590d\u6742\u6027\u5206\u89e3\u4e3a\u903b\u8f91\u5757\uff0c\u5e76\u4e3a\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5757\u63d0\u4f9b\u89e3\u91ca\u3002\u6587\u672c\u663e\u793a\u6709\u5173\u5bfc\u81f4\u8054\u76df\u6216\u51b2\u7a81\u7684\u4e8b\u4ef6\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u800c\u89c6\u89c9\u4f20\u8fbe\u56fe\u5f62\u62d3\u6251\u548c\u66f4\u6539\u3002\u4f7f\u7528\u5728\u5730\u7406\u5730\u56fe\u4e0a\u5e03\u7f6e\u7684\u8282\u70b9\u94fe\u63a5\u56fe\u6765\u63cf\u7ed8\u56fd\u5bb6\u53ca\u5176\u5173\u7cfb\u3002\u94fe\u63a5\u5bbd\u5ea6\u7f16\u7801\u5173\u7cfb\u7684\u5f3a\u5ea6\uff08\u539a=\u8054\u76df\uff0c\u7626=\u652f\u6301\uff09\uff0c\u94fe\u63a5\u989c\u8272\u548c\u7eb9\u7406\u5176\u6027\u8d28\uff08\u9ed1\u8272=\u652f\u6301\uff0c\u7ea2\u8272\u865a\u7ebf=\u51b2\u7a81\uff09\u3002\u6b63\u5f0f\u8054\u76df\u7531\u4e0d\u540c\u989c\u8272\u8868\u793a\u3002\u56fe\u8868\u6f2b\u753b\u4e2d\u7684\u9762\u677f\u4ee3\u8868\u65f6\u95f4\u6bb5\uff0c\u5177\u4f53\u53d6\u51b3\u4e8e\u4e8b\u4ef6\u548c\u66f4\u6539\u7684\u6570\u91cf\u548c\u91cd\u8981\u6027\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u56fe\u5f62\u6f2b\u753b\u4e2d\u7684\u62d3\u6251\u53d8\u5316\u4e3b\u8981\u901a\u8fc7\u8fde\u7eed\u9762\u677f\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u5dee\u5f02\u6765\u611f\u77e5\uff08\u9762\u677f1873\uff09\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u4e3a\u4e86\u5f3a\u8c03\u7279\u5b9a\u7684\u53d8\u5316\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u8bf8\u5982\u7bad\u5934\u6216\u865a\u7ebf\u4e4b\u7c7b\u7684\u7b26\u53f7\uff08\u6700\u540e\u4e00\u4e2a\u9762\u677f\uff0c8\u67086\u65e5\uff09\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u6539\u53d8\u7ec6\u8282\u6c34\u5e73\u5e76\u5f15\u5bfc\u8bfb\u8005\u6ce8\u610f\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u82e5\u5e72\u9762\u677f\u5448\u73b0\u7f51\u7edc\u7684\u653e\u5927\u7248\u672c\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u9762\u677f1837\uff09\u4ee5\u5f15\u5bfc\u8bfb\u8005\u6ce8\u610f\u6b64\u65f6\u8d77\u91cd\u8981\u4f5c\u7528\u7684\u56fd\u5bb6\u7684\u5b50\u96c6\u3002\u76f8\u53cd\uff0c\u5176\u4ed6\u9762\u677f\u63cf\u7ed8\u6574\u4e2a\u7f51\u7edc\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u9762\u677f1907\uff09\u5e76\u7528\u4f5c\u4e0a\u4e0b\u6587\uff0c\u4ee5\u5f3a\u8c03\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u7f51\u7edc\u62d3\u6251\u5e76\u603b\u7ed3\u5148\u524d\u7684\u53d8\u5316\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u9ad8\u4e2d\u6559\u5e08\u7684\u521d\u6b65\u53cd\u9988\u8868\u660e\uff0c\u56fe\u8868\u6f2b\u753b\u53ef\u4ee5\u4fc3\u8fdb\u7f51\u7edc\u65f6\u95f4\u53d8\u5316\u7684\u6c9f\u901a\u3002\u5f53\u524d\u7684\u6559\u79d1\u4e66\u63d2\u56fe\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\u56fe2\uff08b\uff09\uff09\u7ecf\u5e38\u5728\u53c2\u52a0\u8bb2\u5ea7\u548c\/\u6216\u9605\u8bfb\u63cf\u8ff0\u7f51\u7edc\u53d8\u5316\u7684\u6587\u672c\u540e\u7528\u4f5c\u53c2\u8003\u548c\u6458\u8981\u3002\u76f8\u6bd4\u4e4b\u4e0b\uff0c\u56fe\u5f62\u6f2b\u753b\u53ef\u4ee5\u652f\u6301\u4f20\u8fbe\u53d8\u5316\u672c\u8eab\u3002\u5728\u770b\u4e86\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6f2b\u753b\u56fe\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u9ad8\u4e2d\u6559\u5e08\u5411\u672c\u6587\u4f5c\u8005\u6307\u51fa\u4e86\u5386\u53f2\u8bfe\u7a0b\u4e2d\u7684\u66f4\u591a\u5b9e\u4f8b\u6545\u4e8b\uff1a\u7ecf\u6d4e\u4f9d\u8d56\uff0c\u653f\u515a\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u5408\u4f5c\u548c\u8054\u76df\uff0c\u738b\u5ba4\u8840\u7edf\uff0c\u7ec4\u7ec7\u7ed3\u6784\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u5f71\u54cd\u5386\u53f2\u4eba\u7269\u7f51\u7edc\u6216\u5f71\u54cd\u94fe\u3002<\/p>\n<h2>\u4e09\u3001\u8bbe\u8ba1\u8fc7\u7a0b<\/h2>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-large\" src=\"http:\/\/zhangdi.dengxinbo.cn\/%E6%9C%AC%E6%96%87%E7%9A%84%E5%B7%A5%E4%BD%9C%E6%B5%81%E7%A8%8B.png\" width=\"558\" height=\"695\" \/><\/p>\n<p>\u672c\u6587\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u6d41\u7a0b\uff0c\u5982\u4e0a\u56fe\u6240\u793a\uff0c\u603b\u5171\u5206\u4e3a6\u4e2a\u6b65\u9aa4\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>1.\u4e86\u89e3\u4f20\u7edf\u6f2b\u753b<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u9996\u5148\u6536\u96c6\u4e86\u56fe\u8868\uff0c\u6f2b\u753b\u6587\u732e[35,36]\u548c\u7c7b\u4f3c\u4e8e\u6f2b\u753b\u7684\u56fe\u7247\u3002\u7531\u4e8e\u6f2b\u753b\u7684\u8bbe\u8ba1\u7a7a\u95f4\u975e\u5e38\u5927\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u4e13\u6ce8\u4e8e\u4f20\u7edf\u6f2b\u753b\u89c6\u89c9\u8bed\u8a00\u4e2d\u76845\u4e2a\u91cd\u8981\u5143\u7d20\uff08\u56fe4.1\uff09\uff1a<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>\u9762\u677f\uff1a\u663e\u793a\u7247\u523b\u7684\u5355\u72ec\u56fe\u7247\uff0c\u7cfb\u5217\u9762\u677f\uff08\u6761\u5e26\uff09\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f20\u8fbe\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u72b6\u6001\u5e76\u6697\u793a\u65f6\u95f4\u6f14\u53d8\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u89d2\u8272\uff1a\u6f2b\u753b\u4e2d\u7684\u6f14\u5458\uff08\u4eba\u6216\u8005\u7269\u4f53\uff09\uff0c\u53ef\u80fd\u5305\u62ec\u5404\u79cd\u7269\u4f53\u7684\u4e16\u754c\u4e2d\u884c\u52a8\u548c\u4e92\u52a8\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u4e16\u754c\uff1a\u6f2b\u753b\u4e2d\u7684\u80cc\u666f\u548c\u4e0a\u4e0b\u6587<\/li>\n<li>\u7279\u6548\uff1a\u4e13\u95e8\u8bf4\u660e\u89d2\u8272\u53d8\u5316\u7684\u4e0e\u65f6\u95f4\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u7bad\u5934\uff0c\u901f\u5ea6\u7ebf\u548c\u8868\u793a\u58f0\u97f3\u7684\u6587\u672c\u6ce8\u91ca<\/li>\n<li>\u6587\u672c\uff1a\u7528\u6765\u505a\u989d\u5916\u63cf\u8ff0\uff0c\u901a\u5e38\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u6ce1\u6ce1\u3001\u6846\u6846\u8fdb\u884c\u5206\u7ec4\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>\u6570\u636e\u9a71\u52a8\u6f2b\u753b\u76845\u9879\u6311\u6218\uff1b<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>\u5143\u7d20\u8eab\u4efd\uff1a\u4f20\u7edf\u6f2b\u753b\u4e2d\u7684\u4eba\u7269\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u5176\u72ec\u7279\u7684\u89c6\u89c9\u7279\u5f81\u6765\u8bc6\u522b\u3002\u5728\u56fe\u5f62\u53ef\u89c6\u5316\u4e2d\uff0c\u8282\u70b9\u548c\u8fb9\u7f18\u901a\u5e38\u7531\u5706\u5708\u8868\u793a\uff0c\u6709\u65f6\u4f7f\u7528\u6807\u7b7e\u8fdb\u884c\u6807\u8bc6\u3002\u6ca1\u6709\u4f20\u7edf\u6f2b\u753b\u4e2d\u90a3\u4e48\u660e\u663e\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u63cf\u7ed8\u53d8\u5316\uff1a \u5373\u4f7f\u6ca1\u6709\u660e\u786e\u663e\u793a\uff0c\u8bfb\u8005\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u63a8\u65ad\u51fa\u53d8\u5316\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u663e\u793a\u7684\u5a74\u513f\u6697\u793a\u5b83\u5df2\u7ecf\u8bde\u751f\u3002\u5728\u56fe\u8868\u4e2d\uff0c\u663e\u793a\u7684\uff08\u65b0\uff09\u8282\u70b9\u5e76\u4e0d\u610f\u5473\u7740\u5b83\u4e4b\u524d\u6ca1\u6709\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u4e8b\u4ef6\u987a\u5e8f &#8211; \u8bb8\u591a\u53d8\u5316\u8868\u73b0\u51fa\u81ea\u7136\u79e9\u5e8f\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\u4eba\u7c7b\u53d8\u8001\uff0c\u7269\u4f53\u5012\u4e0b\uff0c\u767d\u5929\u53d8\u6210\u591c\u665a\uff09\u3002\u56fe\u8868\u7684\u53d8\u5316\u6ca1\u6709\u81ea\u7136\u987a\u5e8f\u4e5f\u6ca1\u6709\u6301\u7eed\u65f6\u95f4; \u7fa4\u96c6\u53ef\u4ee5\u589e\u957f\u6216\u7f29\u5c0f\uff0c\u5206\u5272\u6216\u5408\u5e76\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u7a7a\u95f4\u80cc\u666f &#8211; 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\u53d8\u5316\u7684\u53ef\u89c6\u5316\u5448\u73b0<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>\u4e4b\u524d\u4e4b\u540e\u7684\u72b6\u6001<\/strong>\uff1a\u8bfb\u8005\u901a\u8fc7\u4e00\u79cd\u79f0\u4e3a\u95ed\u5305\u7684\u673a\u5236[35]\u63a8\u65ad\u51fa\u901a\u8fc7\u6bd4\u8f83\u4e24\u4e2a\u9762\u677f\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\u800c\u53d1\u751f\u4e86\u54ea\u4e9b\u53d8\u5316\u3002<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u8fc7\u6e21\u548c\u5feb\u901f\u63a8\u8fdb<\/strong>\uff1a\u5efa\u8bae\u4f7f\u7528\u4e00\u8fde\u4e32\u7ec4\u5408\u9762\u677f\u6765\u8868\u793a\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e00\u8fde\u4e32\u9762\u677f\u7ec4\u5408\u9762\u677f\u51cf\u5c0f\u6c34\u5e73\u5bbd\u5ea6\uff0c\u53ea\u7528\u7ec6\u7ebf\u5206\u9694\uff0c\u7c7b\u4f3c\u4e8e\u6392\u6bd4\u53e5\u3002<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u53d8\u5316\u7684\u7b26\u53f7\u8868\u793a<\/strong>\uff1a\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u8bb8\u591a\u7b26\u53f7\u4e2d\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u6765\u663e\u793a\u53d8\u5316\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u7bad\u5934\u4ee5\u6307\u793a\u79fb\u52a8\u65b9\u5411\uff0c\u7a81\u51fa\u663e\u793a\u706b\u82b1\u6216\u663e\u793a\u5916\u89c2\u7684\u706b\u82b1\uff0c\u6216\u751f\u957f\u7684\u7b26\u53f7\u3002<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u62bd\u8c61\u7684\u5ea6\u91cf\u8868\u793a<\/strong>\uff1a\u5f53\u8981\u8868\u793a\u7684\u53d8\u5316\u4e0d\u9002\u5408\u7d27\u51d1\u7684\u7b26\u53f7\u8868\u793a\u65f6\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u91c7\u7528\u66ff\u4ee3\u6280\u672f\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/zhangdi.dengxinbo.cn\/%E5%B1%95%E7%8E%B0%E5%8F%98%E5%8C%96%E7%9A%84%E6%96%B9%E6%B3%95.png\" \/><\/p>\n<p><strong>F3\uff1a\u5c55\u793a\u53d8\u5316\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u6027<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u4f20\u7edf\u6f2b\u753b\u7684\u8bfb\u8005\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u7528\u4e8e\u8868\u793a\u52a8\u4f5c\u7684\u9762\u677f\u7684\u6570\u91cf\u4ee5\u53ca\u901a\u8fc7\u7c7b\u6bd4\u73b0\u5b9e\u4e16\u754c\u6765\u5408\u7406\u5730\u731c\u6d4b\u4e8b\u4ef6\u7684\u6301\u7eed\u65f6\u95f4\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a\u9762\u677f\u63cf\u7ed8\u591c\u95f4\uff0c\u4e0b\u4e00\u4e2a\u63cf\u7ed8\u767d\u5929\uff09\u3002\u56fe\u5f62\u6f2b\u753b\u9700\u8981\u989d\u5916\u7684\u6280\u672f\u548c\u6ce8\u91ca\u6765\u8bf4\u660e\u5e76\u884c\u6216\u91cd\u590d\u53d1\u751f\u7684\u53d8\u5316\uff0c\u5e76\u660e\u786e\u7f16\u7801\u65f6\u95f4\u6301\u7eed\u65f6\u95f4\u3002<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>\u8fde\u7eed\u53d8\u5316<\/strong>\uff1a\u4e0e\u4f20\u7edf\u6f2b\u753b\u4e00\u6837\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5229\u7528\u9762\u677f\u7684\u6c34\u5e73\u987a\u5e8f\u6765\u6697\u793a\u9762\u677f\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u987a\u5e8f\uff0c\u5373\u4ece\u5de6\u5230\u53f3\u610f\u5473\u7740\u5411\u524d\u79fb\u52a8\u3002\u8bf7\u6ce8\u610f\uff0c\u5728\u4f20\u7edf\u6f2b\u753b\u4e2d\uff0c\u9762\u677f\u5927\u5c0f\u5e76\u4e0d\u603b\u662f\u4e0e\u6301\u7eed\u65f6\u95f4\u6210\u6bd4\u4f8b\u3002\u540c\u6837\uff0c\u5728\u56fe\u8868\u6f2b\u753b\u4e2d\uff0c\u9762\u677f\u5e94\u8be5\u9002\u5408\u6240\u6709\u5fc5\u8981\u7684\u5143\u7d20\u3002<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u5e76\u884c\u53d1\u751f\u7684\u53d8\u5316<\/strong>\uff1a\u5728\u540c\u4e00\u9762\u677f\u4e2d\u66f4\u597d\u5730\u63cf\u8ff0\u4e86\u5e76\u884c\u53d1\u751f\u7684\u53d8\u5316\u3002\u5982\u679c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5176\u4ed6\u539f\u56e0\u4e0d\u5462\u8fd9\u4e48\u505a\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a\u66ff\u4ee3\u9009\u9879\u662f\u5c06\u9762\u677f\u5782\u76f4\u5206\u5272\u6210\u7ec6\u7ebf\uff08\u56fe7a\uff09\uff0c\u4f46\u9700\u8981\u6587\u672c\u6ce8\u91ca\u4ee5\u786e\u4fdd\u6b63\u786e\u89e3\u91ca\u3002<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u975e\u7ebf\u6027\u65f6\u95f4<\/strong>\uff1a\u6d89\u53ca\u5faa\u73af\u6216\u5206\u652f\u7684\u53d8\u5316\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u9762\u677f\u7684\u7a7a\u95f4\u5e03\u5c40\u6765\u7f16\u7801\uff0c\u7528\u6307\u793a\u8bfb\u53d6\u65b9\u5411\u7684\u7bad\u5934\u8fdb\u884c\u589e\u5f3a\uff08\u56fe7b\uff09\u3002\u6216\u8005\uff0c\u7b26\u53f7\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u7f16\u7801\u91cd\u590d\u7684\u4e50\u8c31\uff09\u53ef\u4ee5\u63d0\u4f9b\u8868\u793a\u975e\u7ebf\u6027\u65f6\u95f4\u6027\u4f46\u9700\u8981\u6ce8\u91ca\u7684\u7d27\u51d1\u65b9\u5f0f\u3002<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u65f6\u95f4\u7684\u7b26\u53f7\u548c\u663e\u5f0f\u8868\u793a<\/strong>\u00a0\uff1a\u4e3a\u4e86\u7f16\u7801\u53d8\u5316\u7684\u7279\u5b9a\u65f6\u95f4\u6027\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u8c61\u5f81\u6027\u5730\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u5b63\u8282\u7684\u7b26\u53f7\uff09\u6216\u660e\u786e\u5730\u4f20\u8fbe\u65f6\u95f4\uff08\u56fe7c\uff09\u3002\u5728\u8fd9\u4e24\u79cd\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5efa\u8bae\u6a21\u4eff\u4f20\u7edf\u6f2b\u753b\u5e76\u5c06\u6b64\u65f6\u95f4\u4fe1\u606f\u653e\u5728\u9762\u677f\u4e0a\u65b9\u6216\u5de6\u4e0a\u89d2\u7684\u6846\u4e0a\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/zhangdi.dengxinbo.cn\/%E6%97%B6%E5%BA%8F%E5%8F%98%E5%8C%96%E7%9A%84%E5%B1%95%E7%A4%BA%E6%96%B9%E5%BC%8F.png\" \/><\/p>\n<p><strong>F4. \u5143\u7d20\u7684\u8bc6\u522b<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u5728\u4f20\u7edf\u6f2b\u753b\u4e2d\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u89d2\u8272\u7269\u7406\u5916\u89c2\u7684\u53ef\u8bc6\u522b\u7279\u5f81\u4ee5\u53ca\u89d2\u8272\u5728\u573a\u666f\u4e2d\u7684\u4f4d\u7f6e\uff08C1\uff09\u6765\u8bc6\u522b\u91cd\u590d\u5143\u7d20\u3002<br \/>\n\u5728\u56fe\u8868\u6f2b\u753b\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u56db\u79cd\u8bc6\u522b\u91cd\u590d\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\uff08\u56fe8\uff09\uff1a<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u53ef\u89c6\u5316\u7f16\u7801\u6216\u6807\u7b7e<\/li>\n<li>\u56fa\u5b9a\u7684\u4f4d\u7f6e<\/li>\n<li>\u591a\u4e2a\u8fde\u7eed\u753b\u5c4f<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>F5 \u89d2\u8272\u5851\u9020<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u5982\u4f55\u533a\u5206\u4e3b\u8981\u89d2\u8272\uff0c\u6b21\u8981\u89d2\u8272\u548c\u8f85\u52a9\u89d2\u8272\uff1f\u4e09\u79cd\u65b9\u6cd5\uff1a<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u89c6\u89c9\u7a81\u51fa<\/li>\n<li>\u4f4d\u7f6e\uff08\u5728\u89c6\u89c9\u4e2d\u5fc3\u7684\u5143\u7d20\u6bd4\u8fb9\u7f18\u66f4\u91cd\u8981\uff09<\/li>\n<li>\u6807\u7b7e<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>F6 \u7ec6\u8282\u5c42\u6b21<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>individual: \u5355\u72ec\u663e\u793a\u6bcf\u4e00\u4e2a\u5143\u7d20<\/li>\n<li>grouped: \u5206\u7ec4\u663e\u793a\u6bcf\u4e00\u4e2a\u5143\u7d20<\/li>\n<li>counted: \u8ba1\u6570\u663e\u793a\u591a\u4e2a\u5143\u7d20<\/li>\n<li>crowd: \u4e0d\u53ef\u6570\u5730\u663e\u793a\u591a\u4e2a\u5143\u7d20\uff08\u53ea\u662f\u7b80\u5355\u5730\u8868\u8fbe\u5b58\u5728\uff09<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/zhangdi.dengxinbo.cn\/level_of_detail.png\" \/><\/p>\n<p><strong>F 7 \u6982\u89c8+\u7ec6\u8282<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u51e0\u79cd\u6982\u89c8\u548c\u7ec6\u8282\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u8f6c\u6362\u65b9\u6cd5\uff1a<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/zhangdi.dengxinbo.cn\/%E6%A6%82%E8%A7%88+%E7%BB%86%E8%8A%82.png\" \/><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>bleed: \u51fa\u8840\u89c6\u56fe<\/li>\n<li>cut-out: \u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u7a81\u51fa\u663e\u793a<\/li>\n<li>in-place: \u7c7b\u4f3c\u4e8efisheye<\/li>\n<li>zoom:\u00a0 \u7f29\u653e<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>F8: \u591a\u53d8\u91cf\u7f51\u7edc\u7684\u663e\u793a<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u603b\u7684\u6765\u8bf4\u8981\u533a\u5206\u591a\u53d8\u91cf\u8fd8\u662f\u6bd4\u8f83\u96be\u3002\u5982\u56fe12\u6240\u793a\u3002<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/zhangdi.dengxinbo.cn\/%E5%A4%9A%E5%8F%98%E9%87%8F%E6%98%BE%E7%A4%BA.png\" 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